Phrydiuchus weevil Phrydiuchus spilmani
beetles, weevils (Order Coleoptera Linnaeus, 1758) snout beetles or weevils (Family Curculionidae Latreille, 1802)
✓ USA Approved
✗ Canada Not Approved
🌍 Native Range

Europe

🌿 Hosts in North America

Mediterranean sage (Salvia aethiopis)

🔍 Description and Life Cycle

This species is very similar to the closely related biocontrol agent Phrydiuchus tau. Adults are small (4–5 mm long) with a long curved snout and elbowed antennae. They are a mottled brown, but slightly lighter in color compared to P. tau, and the white marking on their elytra forms more of a lower case rather than upper case “T”. Adults are active in fall and spring, feeding on the leaves of Mediterranean sage and closely related plants, giving leaves a skeletonized appearance that does little to impact growth. Adults are inactive during a summer aestivation period, becoming active and laying eggs on rosette leaves with the onset of fall rains. Eggs are small and white. Larvae are 1–4 mm long, “C-shaped” grubs that develop through three instars. They feed within cavities in the root crown and may kill small plants outright or reduce or prevent plant bolting. Immature stages complete their development in spring before exiting the plant to pupate in the surrounding soil. Adults, eggs, or larvae may overwinter. There is one generation per year.     

⚠ Impact

Adults feed on foliage, typically between leaf veins. Heavy feeding can give the leaf a skeletonized appearance. Summer adult feeding has limited impacts, but fall feeding may cause overwinter mortality. The larval stage causes the most damage. Feeding larvae consume root crown tissue which, in turn, may kill small plants outright or reduce or prevent plant bolting. 

📄 Reference

Andreas, J.E., J. Price, and E.M. Coombs. 2022. Mediterranean Sage Biocontrol Agents: History and Ecology in North America. In: R.L. Winston, Ed. Biological Control of Weeds in North America. North American Invasive Species Management Association, Milwaukee, WI. NAISMA-BCW-2022-5-MEDITERRANEAN SAGE-A. https://bugwoodcloud.org/resource/files/23225.pdf