Glossary

Search:
(clear)
  • "The last of the three insect body regions; usually containing the digestive and reproductive organs "
  • "Non-living, e.g. environmental factors such as temperature and humidity"
  • "A small, one-seeded fruit that does not split at maturity "
  • "A biocontrol species that arrived in the geographical area from elsewhere by any means, not through official biocontrol development processes "
  • "A binucleate spore of a rust fungus, formed in a chain-like series in an aecium"
  • "A spongy tissue with large air spaces found between the cells of the stems and leaves of aquatic plants, providing buoyancy and allowing the circulation of gases"
  • "A period of dormancy to survive predictable, unfavorable environmental conditions, such as temperature extremes, drought or reduced food availability"
  • "The chemical inhibition of one species by another. The “inhibitory” chemical is released into the environment where it affects the development and growth of neighboring plants "
  • "Where leaves appear singly at stem nodes, on alternate sides of the stem"
  • "Darkened segment at the tip of the abdomen of an insect"
  • "A plant that sprouts, flowers, and dies within a period of one year from germination "
  • "In arthropods, one of a pair of appendages on the head, normally having many joints and used in sensory "
  • "The fertile part of a male sex organ in a flower. The anther produces and distributes pollen, and together with its connecting filament forms a stamen."
  • "Bud located on the tip of a plant shoot"
  • "Influence exerted by a terminal bud in suppressing the growth of axillary buds"
  • "A plant that produces seeds without fertilization (apomixis)"
  • "A self-contained program or piece of software designed to fulfill a particular purpose; an application, especially as downloaded by a user to a mobile device "
  • "Insect without wings"
  • "An invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton, a segmented body, and jointed appendages. Arthropods form the phylum Arthropoda, which includes the insects, arachnids, myriapods, and crustaceans "
  • "An apparatus used to suck insects into a container. Can be as simple as in a mouth aspirator, or mechanical as in a gasoline- or battery-powered vacuum aspirator "
  • "Periodic releases of natural enemies (often native species) when too few are present to control a pest effectively"
  • "A hair- or bristle-like appendage extending from florets of many grasses "
  • "The angle between the upper side of a leaf or stem and the stem or branch that supports it "
  • "Embryonic shoots located in the axil of each leaf"
  • "Crossing of a hybrid with one of its parents (or an individual genetically similar to its parent), which results in offspring with a genetic identity that is closer to the parent "
  • "The upper petal of a pea flower (plant family Fabaceae) "
  • "Located at the base of a plant or plant part "
  • "A sexually produced fungal spore borne on a basidium"
  • "A member of the very large and variable insect order Coleoptera; adults have hardened or leathery forewings (elytra) while larvae may be grub-like or mobile; beetles exhibit complete metamorphosis"
  • "A plant that flowers and dies between its first and second years and does not flower in its first year"
  • "A biologically based control agent for weeds, often using a fungus, bacteria, virus, or other pathogen"
  • "The reduction in the abundance of a pest through intentional use of its natural enemies (predators, parasitoids, and pathogens)"
  • "A natural enemy of a target pest used in biological control efforts"
  • "A group of organisms that are morphologically identical to other individuals of a species but possess distinctive physiological characteristics (e.g., able to attack a normally resistant host, or not susceptible to a pesticide)"
  • "Plant stage at which the flower stalk begins to grow"
  • "A leaf, often modified or reduced, which subtends a flower or an inflorescence"
  • "The spreading of pesticides over an entire area"
  • "A small bulblike structure, often in the axil of a leaf or at the base of a stem, that may form a new plant "
  • "A bulb arising from another bulb and acting as a thick storage organ "
  • "Seed head(s) of a plant in the sunflower family (Asteraceae)"
  • "A pod or seed vessel made of two or more cells, that becomes dry and splits open to release mature seeds"
  • "The larval stage of a moth or butterfly (order Lepidoptera)"
  • "Method used to select plants for host specificity testing for weed biocontrol agents. It focuses on the most closely related species to the target weed in the area of introduction, gradually expanding the number of species to include more distantly related plants until specificity is established"
  • "Using chemical-based pesticides to control pests such as weeds or insects"
  • "A test of host specificity in which the potential biological control agents are presented with a combination of test-plant species along with the target weed, and their oviposition or feeding is recorded"
  • "The pupal stage of a moth or butterfly"
  • "A biological control strategy employing the release of a pest’s natural enemies imported from another region; typically directed against exotic pests, it uses natural enemies from areas where the pest is native"
  • "In plants, a clone is genetically identical to the individual from which it was derived. Vegetative fragmentation is a common way to produce a plant clone "
  • "A silk case that moth or butterfly larvae spin to contain the chrysalis"
  • "A period of moist cold required for some seeds before they will germinate"
  • "A naturally occurring group of different species of organisms that live together and interact as a more or less self-contained ‘unit’"
  • "Negative interactions between individuals of the same or different species that utilize the same resource(s); if the resource is in short supply, one individual or species may survive and increase in number at the expense of the other(s)"
  • "An insect life cycle with four distinct stages (egg, larva, pupa, adult)"
  • "Paired eyes consisting of many facets, or ommatidia, in most adult arthropods "
  • "A leaf consisting of two or more leaflets borne on the same leaf stalk "
  • "A type of asexual reproductive spore of fungi"
  • "A form of biocontrol typically used in a crop setting where growers manipulate the environment to favor natural enemies, such as providing alternative hosts or prey, food or nesting sites, or modifying cropping practices"
  • "A set of numbers used to specify a location "
  • "Rootstock with a fleshy, swollen stem base that is usually underground and stores food reserves "
  • "Smaller tuberous offshoots of corms "
  • "The portion of the vegetative canopy in a fixed area attributable to an individual or a single plant species"
  • "Location where a plant's stem(s) meets its roots "
  • "Using herbivores to biologically manage plant pests, but the herbivores are non-selective; examples include targeted grazing with goats or the use of grass carp to control aquatic weeds"
  • "In weeds, this form of control manipulates the environment to suppress weed growth while promoting the development of the desired plant(s); examples include soil care, re-seeding, and minimizing disturbance"
  • "The wax layer lining the epidermis of plant leaves, preventing dehydration"
  • "An inflorescence consisting of a cup-like cluster of modified leaves enclosing a female flower and several male flowers, as in the poinsettia"
  • "Flower cluster in which each stem ends in a flower that opens before the flowers below or to the side of it"
  • "Plant that sheds its leaves annually"
  • "The loss of foliage due to insect or fungal activity or the actions of abiotic factors, such as hailstorms"
  • "An organism, usually an insect, that consumes plant foliage"
  • "When seed pods dry out at maturity and burst open to scatter seeds "
  • "Number of individuals per unit area (e.g., plants, stems, or leaves) "
  • "A suspension of development in response to regularly and recurring periods of adverse environment conditions, such as extreme temperatures, drought, or reduced food availability "
  • "Plant with two seed leaves upon germination, including most common flowering species, excluding grasses, sedges, cattails, lilies and orchids"
  • "Male and female reproductive parts occur on separate individuals"
  • "The spread of animals and plants from any point; the redistribution of plant seeds, fungal spores, or insect eggs, larvae, and adults"
  • "Dispersal. Can be applied to seeds or insects"
  • "Period in an organism's life cycle when growth, development, and physical activity are temporarily stopped. This minimizes metabolic activity and helps an organism conserve energy "
  • "The upper or back surface of the body of an animal"
  • "The outermost circumference of a tree's canopy, from which water drips onto the ground"
  • "Shaped like a flattened circle, symmetrical, tapering equally both to the tip and the base "
  • "Hardened front wings of a beetle "
  • "In insects, the act of an adult leaving the pupal exoskeleton, or leaving winter or summer dormancy"
  • "Hypothesis stating that exotic plants can become invasive by experiencing less regulation (than native plants) by enemies in their introduced habitat. This relative release allows the exotic species to increae in abundance and distribution"
  • "The outer layer of cells of plant tissue"
  • "To get rid of something completely, as in eliminate a weed population"
  • "Grows upright and vertical as opposed to prostrate (spreading on the ground)"
  • "A plant that retains green leaves (or green photosynthesizing parts) throughout the year"
  • "Hard, external skeleton of the body of arthropods, including insects and mites"
  • "Originating in a distant foreign country; not native "
  • "The cast-off outer skin of an arthropod after a molt"
  • "Formed by numerous thin, moderately branching roots"
  • "In flowering plants, the stalk of a stamen bearing the anther at its apex"
  • "In entomology, an insect covering made of a soft, waxy substance, generally white in color and adhering in irregular flakes or strings"
  • "One of the small, closely clustered flowers forming the head of a composite flower in the sunflower family (Asteraceae)"
  • "Small beetles in the family Kateretidae, the adults and larvae of which consume flowers and/or seeds of host plants "
  • "A special type of inflorescence consisting of numerous florets that combined have the appearance of one flower "
  • "Herbaceous plant (does not have solid woody stems) "
  • "In plants, form of asexual reproduction or cloning in which an organism is split into fragments. Each of these fragments develop into mature, fully grown individuals that are clones of the original organism "
  • "The excrement produced by insects, especially larvae, that contains feces and undigested plant material and is often used to detect individuals feeding inside plant tissues"
  • "A plant tumor; a localized proliferation of abnormal plant tissue that is induced by an insect, nematode, fungus or other organism and usually exhibits a characteristic shape and color. Gall-causing insects and mites usually live and feed within the gall"
  • "In herbivores, organism that eats a wide variety of plants more or less equally "
  • "The genetic makeup, as distinguished from the physical appearance, of an organism or a group of organisms"
  • "A taxonomic category ranking below family and above species and consisting of a group of species exhibiting similar characteristics. The genus name is followed by a Latin adjective or epithet to form the name of a species "
  • "Having glands (group of specialized cells which produce and secrete a specific substance)"
  • "A bract (leaf-like structure) below a spikelet in the inflorescence of grasses (Poaceae) or the flowers of sedges (Cyperaceae). There are two other types of bracts in the spikelets of grasses: the lemma and palea"
  • "Global Positioning System; a space-based navigational system providing location and time information by using four or more satellites "
  • "A unit of development in response to daily temperatures. Measured as the sum of the daily amounts by which the temperature exceeds a species-specific lower developmental threshold. A given insect species will usually require the same number of degree-days to complete its life cycle, even though the number of calendar days required will vary in different climates" 
  • "A soft, thick-bodied, C-shaped beetle larva "
  • "Female and hermaphroditic flowers occur on separate plants "
  • "The form or shape which a plant takes during growth (examples include shrub, dwarf, and tree)"
  • "A group of genes within an organism that was inherited together from a single parent"
  • "In insects, the body region with the mouthparts, antennae, and eyes"
  • "Hardened covering of the head of an immature insect. They are especially prominent on larvae of some beetles and moths and noticeably reduced on larvae of many flies and wasps."
  • "A plant whose stem does not produce woody, persistent tissue and generally dies back at the end of each growing season"
  • "A chemical substance used to destroy or inhibit the growth of plants, especially weeds"
  • "Feeding on plants "
  • "An organism with both male and female reproductive parts"
  • "All of the same or similar kind or nature"
  • "The plant or animal on which an organism feeds; the organism utilized by a parasitoid; a plant or animal susceptible to attack by a pathogen"
  • "Populations within a species that differ (and become reproductively isolated) due to their ability to use a particular trait in a particular plant host "
  • "The variety of hosts or host species that may be utilized by a plant- or animal-feeding organism"
  • "The highly-evolved, often obligatory association between an organism and its host. In weed biocontrol, a highly host-specific insect feeds only on its target weed host and on no other species"
  • "The offspring of two parents of different species "
  • "A plant capable of growing in soils with very high concentrations of substances (usually metals or toxins), absorbing these substances through their roots, and concentrating extremely high levels of the substances in their tissues "
  • "An oil and phototoxin produced by St. Johnswort that is toxic and makes feeding animals sensitive to sunlight"
  • "An insect life cycle from egg to adult that is characterized by gradual changes through successive immature stages (nymph)"
  • "Group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches"
  • "To introduce something (such as a microorganism) into a suitable situation for growth"
  • "A small arthropod animal that, as an adult, normally has six legs, three distinct body regions, one pair of antennae, and one or two pairs of wings"
  • "An area where host organisms are abundant and biological control agents are released and propagated with or without additional human manipulation "
  • "The phase of an arthropod’s nymphal or larval development between molts"
  • "A system for the planning and implementation of a program, using an interdisciplinary approach, to contain or control an undesirable pest species or group of species using all available methods "
  • "Occurring between different species"
  • "Tending to spread prolifically and undesirably or harmfully "
  • "Where one invasive species is controlled, only to be replaced by another invasive species"
  • "A type of animal that does not have a spinal column or backbone; examples include insects, spiders, crabs, mollusks "
  • "A circle of bracts under an inflorescence "
  • "First stage of a typical plant invasion during which populations remain at low levels for a few to several years. Plants often become abundant during the next phase "
  • "The expanded portion, or blade, of a leaf or petal"
  • "Immature stage(s) of some animals, including insects and mites. In insects with complete metamorphosis, it is the stage between the egg and pupa (examples include grubs, caterpillars, and maggots) "
  • "Roots that extend horizontally from the primary root and serve to anchor the plant securely in the soil"
  • "When stems or branches of a parent plant form their own roots where they touch the ground, creating a new plant that is a clone of the parent"
  • "A leaf-like part of a compound leaf. Though it resembles an entire leaf, a leaflet is not attached to the main plant stem or branch as a leaf is, but rather on the leaf stalk, nor does it have an axillary bud at the point of attachment"
  • "In plants, a form of reproduction where some individuals have female flowers, others have male flowers, still others have hermaphroditic flowers "
  • "A plant in the family Fabaceae (pea family or Leguminosae), or the fruit or seed of such a plant"
  • "Raised pores in the stem of a woody plant that allow gas exchange between the atmosphere and the internal tissues "
  • "Structure of crystallized honeydew produced by Psyllidae nymphs that may serve as a protective cover "
  • "A thin outgrowth at the junction of leaf and leafstalk of many grasses and sedges and some other species"
  • "Dead plant material, such as leaves, bark, needles, and twigs, that has fallen to the ground "
  • "A leaf with shallow or deep, at least somewhat rounded segments, as in a thistle rosette leaf "
  • "Insect with wings"
  • "Immature larva of insects in the order Diptera (true flies)"
  • "Of variegated or mottled color"
  • "In plants, the edge of a leaf. Margins typically fall within a handful of categories and are useful in plant identification "
  • "The mass production of a natural enemy"
  • "In weeds, this form of control employs machines to remove or control weeds. Examples include tilling, mulching, and mowing"
  • "Thin and transparent"
  • "Site of a plant that receives photosynthate (food) produced by the plant, diverting the resource away from the plant’s normal use "
  • "In insects, the change from one life stage to another, such as from larva to pupa"
  • "DNA found in mitochondria, structures within cells that convert the energy from food into a form that cells can use "
  • "Process of arthropod development that involves shedding its exoskeleton and producing another as an arthropod grows"
  • "Plant with only one seed leaf upon germination, including grasses, sedges, cattails, lilies, and orchids"
  • "An area vegetated by a single plant species"
  • "Male and famale reproductive parts occur in separate structures on the same individual"
  • "Feeding on only one species of plant or prey"
  • "The size, shape, and structure of an organism or one of its parts "
  • "Informal category used to denote a subset of organisms that belongs to the same species and can be recognized by a morphological characteristic"
  • "The vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of a network of fine white filaments (hyphae)"
  • "A fungus-based control agent for weeds "
  • "Of indigenous origin "
  • "The parasites, predators, pathogens, and other antagonists associated with a species of animal or plant that cause debility or mortality"
  • "A sugary secretion produced by plants, usually in flowers, that attracts insect pollinators"
  • "A test of host specificity in which the potential biological control agent is presented with a single, nontarget test-plant species at a time. Feeding, development, survival rate and/or oviposition rates are recorded and compared to those on the target weed"
  • "Part of the stem of a plant from which a leaf, branch, or root grows"
  • "When control efforts affect a species other than the species they were enacted to control (can be positive or negative)"
  • "Small microsporidian parasites that live in the digestive tract of arthropods"
  • "A weed whose control is mandated, and whose movement is regulated by federal, state, provincial, or county law"
  • "Site where a biocontrol agent has become so abundant that it can be collected for release elsewhere"
  • "Immature form of invertebrates, including mites and insects, that undergoes gradual metamorphosis. Resembles adults "
  • "Shaped like an upside-down egg with the tip wider than the base "
  • "Plant structure formed of stipules fused into a sheath surrounding the stem "
  • "Feeding on a few (usually related) different types of plants or prey"
  • "In plants, where leaves appear in twos at stem nodes, on opposite sides of the stem"
  • "Introducing unrelated genetic material into a breeding line"
  • "In plants, the expanded basal portion of the pistil that contains the ovules"
  • "Shaped like an egg, with the base wider than the tip "
  • "To lay or deposit eggs "
  • "In plants, damage to plant tissues resulting from the act of ovipositing by insects"
  • "An organ used by some animals for the laying of eggs"
  • "A tuft of hairs, scales, or bristles at the base of an achene in flowers of the sunflower family (Asteraceae)"
  • "An insect (e.g., a wasp) whose larvae live as parasites, eventually killing their hosts (typically other insects) "
  • "In plants, tissue that is typically composed of living cells that are thin-walled, unspecialized in structure, and therefore adaptable, with differentiation, to various functions"
  • "An agent, such as a bacterium or fungus, that causes disease"
  • "A plant that lives more than two years "
  • "Leaf stalk that attaches the leaf to a plant stem "
  • "Related to seasonality"
  • "The period of time each day during which an organism receives illumination; day length "
  • "Process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms’ activities"
  • "Relating to or based on evolutionary development or history"
  • "In weeds, this form of control removes weeds by any physical means. It can include pulling/digging, mowing, mulching, tilling, covering with weed barrier, and burning"
  • "All plant species that support feeding, development, and reproduction of a particular insect species, when tested under laboratory conditions"
  • "An insect that feeds on plants"
  • "The female reproductive part of a flower. The pistil, centrally located, typically consists of a swollen base, the ovary, which contains the potential seeds, or ovules; a stalk, or style, arising from the ovary; and a pollen-receptive tip, the stigma, variously shaped and often sticky"
  • "The portion of the vegetative canopy in a fixed area attributable to an individual or a single plant species "
  • "Feeding on many types of plants or prey"
  • "An herbicide that controls plants via uptake of chemical through the plant foliage or stems"
  • "An herbicide that controls plants before they emerge from the ground by injuring the plant as the seed germinates"
  • "A fleshy, unsegmented, abdominal walking appendage of some insect larvae, common among caterpillars "
  • "A vegetative structure that can become detached from a plant and give rise to a new plant; examples include a bud, sucker, or spore "
  • "Grows flat along the ground as opposed to growing erect (upright) "
  • "Non-feeding, inactive stage between larva and adult for an insect with complete metamorphosis "
  • "The hardened last larval skin which encloses the pupa in some insects, especially higher Diptera (true flies)"
  • "A haploid pycnial spore of a rust fungus that by fusion with a haploid hypha of the opposite sex produces aecia and dikaryotic aeciospores"
  • "A specific area used to sample vegetation (e.g., 1 square meter, or 1m2)"
  • "Measurement of descriptive elements (e.g., age class, distribution)"
  • "Measurement of quantity; the number or amount (e.g., seeds per capitula)"
  • "Flower cluster (inflorescence) with the separate flowers attached by short equal stalks at equal distances along a central stem"
  • "Main stem of a compound plant structure. In ferns, the rachis is the midrib of the frond "
  • "The first part of a seedling (a growing plant embryo) to emerge from the seed during the process of germination; the embryonic root of the plant"
  • "An individual member of a clone"
  • "A sample obtained in such a way that all members of a population have an equal likelihood of examination or collection; an unbiased sample"
  • "Part of the stem to which the flower or florets are attached "
  • "Curved backward or downward "
  • "Invasive plant whose control and/or movement is regulated by federal, state/provincial, or local law "
  • "A modified stem of a plant that grows horizontally underground, often sending out roots and shoots from its nodes "
  • "Part of a root system from which a stem arises; where a plant’s stem meets the roots"
  • "A compact, circular, and normally basal cluster of leaves "
  • "An achene fruit with a flattened, papery wing "
  • "Cutting the seed coat using abrasion, thermal stress, or chemicals to encourage germination"
  • "Diarrhea in livestock"
  • "An accumulation in the soil of long-lived seeds, which can potentially germinate many years after they were produced"
  • "Synonym for capitulum or flower head of a plant in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). The seed head consists of a receptacle and florets "
  • "Choosing carefully; affecting one or some things and not others"
  • "Plant tissue produced as an irritation response to the presence of egg-laying fluids, eggs, larvae, or larval frass. Different from true galls, externally they appear to be smaller swellings on plant stems"
  • "The final stage of a plant’s life cycle characterized by color changes and dieback of the foliage and stems"
  • "Parts of a flower that enclose the petals; they are typically green and leaf-like though many variations exist"
  • "In plants, the leaf margin is toothed with asymmetrical teeth pointing forward as in the cutting edge of a saw "
  • "A tubular or rolled part of an organ (e.g., the lower part of the leaf in most grasses)"
  • "A woody plant of relatively low height, having several stems arising from the base, and lacking a single trunk; a bush"
  • "A variation in a single base pair in a DNA sequence"
  • "‘Nose’ of a weevil. The elongate head of a weevil with mouth parts at the tip (apex) "
  • "Inflorescence with several tiny flowers clustered on a narrow, fleshy stem "
  • "Leaf-like curved bract surrounding a spadix "
  • "In herbivores, an organism that relies on one plant food source, often to the exclusion of all other available plants"
  • "A fundamental category of taxonomic classification with a ranking below genus or subgenus and that consists of related organisms capable of interbreeding"
  • "Cluster of stalk-less flowers that grow on an upright stem of a plant"
  • "When a biocontrol agent population reaches outbreak densities, some feeding may occur on adjacent and often unrelated nontarget plant species. Spillover feeding is temporary and is unlikely to have negative consequences at the population level of nontarget species"
  • "A stiff, pointed plant part"
  • "Unit of asexual reproduction that is part of the life cycle of many plants (e.g., ferns), algae, fungi and protozoa. Similar to a seed produced by flowering plants"
  • "A young plant or fungus produced by a germinated spore, similar to a seedling derived from a germinated seed "
  • "Specialized structure found on ferns; their primary function is the production and release of spores"
  • "Applying pesticides on one pest or on small patches"
  • "In plants, the slender attachment or support of a leaf, flower, or fruit"
  • "Male reproductive part of a flower, located near the flower center and resembling a capped thread"
  • "Outgrowths of the base of a leaf stalk (petiole)"
  • "Stem which grows at the soil (or water) surface or just below ground that forms adventitious roots at nodes and new plants from buds (also called runner) "
  • "A low shrub; an undershrub, typically less than two feet tall"
  • "A taxonomic subdivision of a species consisting of an interbreeding, usually geographically isolated, population of organisms"
  • "Having thick fleshy leaves or stems adapted to storing water"
  • "An additive often applied with an herbicide mix to help bring the herbicide into closer contact with the leaf surface in order to aid absorption"
  • "Occupying the same or overlapping geographic areas without interbreeding"
  • "Occurring at the same time (e.g., plant flowering and insect oviposition)"
  • "A taxonomic category or group, such as a phylum, order, family, genus, or species"
  • "The classification of organisms in an ordered system that indicates natural relationships. The science, laws, or principles of classification; systematics"
  • "A spore of certain rust fungi that carries the fungus through the winter and that, on germination, produces the basidium"
  • "In plants, the growing tip of a stem or branch or the end leaflet in a compound leaf"
  • "Body region of an insect between the head and abdomen, bearing the legs and wings"
  • "In plants, leaf margin that is regularly incised, similar to a saw"
  • "A straight line of varying length along which organisms are periodically sampled individually or in quadrants"
  • "A perennial woody plant having a main trunk and usually a distinct crown"
  • "Epideremal outgrowth on plants. There are various kinds, inlcuding numberous types of hairs and scales"
  • "In aquatic plants, swollen leaf bud that breaks free from the parent plant and overwinters, giving rise to a new plant after sprouting in spring"
  • "Tuft or clump of growing bunchgrass "
  • "An inflorescence which consists of a number of short flower stalks which spread from a common point, somewhat like umbrella ribs. They can be simple or compound (the single flowers are replaced by many smaller umbels called umbellets) "
  • "Grows erect and vertical as opposed to prostrate (spreading on the ground)"
  • "The spore of the rust fungi that appears between the aeciospore and the teliospore; commonly the summer spore"
  • "Plant foliage having leaves that are edged or patterned in a second color, especially white as well as green "
  • "In plants, tissue composed of specialized conducting tissues, xylem and phloem, that form continuous systems through the plant body and provide transport pathways for water, nutrients, and signaling molecules and support a plant body against mechanical stresses"
  • "Reproduction in plants other than by seeds, such as from rhizomes, stolons, and from nodes on lateral, often creeping, roots"
  • "The lower surface of the body of an animal"
  • "The proportion of propagules (e.g., seeds) that are alive and can germinate"
  • "A specimen collected from a population of an organism to confirm the identity of the species present"
  • "A plant growing where it is not wanted"
  • "A type of plant-eating beetle, the adults having distinct snouts of variable lengths"
  • "In plants, where multiple leaves or flowers radiate outward from a single stem node "
  • "A membranous expansion of tissue extending beyond the normal outline of a structure"
  • "A plant that germinates in autumn, lives through winter, and produces seed and dies in the following season"