Information

Agent

Phyllocoptes fructiphilus Keifer

Class: Arachnida
Order: Acari
Family: Eriophyidae

Agent Name References:
- Amrine Jr., J.W. 2002. Multiflora Rose. In R. Van Driesche, S. Lyon, B. Blossey, M. Hoddle, and R. Reardon, Eds. Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the Eastern United States. FHTET-2002-04. USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, Morgantown, West Virginia. pp. 265-292.
- Smith, L., E. de Lillo, and J.W. Amrine Jr. 2010. Effectiveness of eriophyid mites for biological control of weedy plants and challenges for future research. Experimental and Applied Acarology 51(1): 115-149.

Weed

Rosa multiflora Thunb.

Family: Rosaceae
Common Name: multiflora rose

Origin: Asia

Weed Name References:
- Amrine Jr., J.W. 2002. Multiflora Rose. In R. Van Driesche, S. Lyon, B. Blossey, M. Hoddle, and R. Reardon, Eds. Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the Eastern United States. FHTET-2002-04. USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, Morgantown, West Virginia. pp. 265-292.
- Smith, L., E. de Lillo, and J.W. Amrine Jr. 2010. Effectiveness of eriophyid mites for biological control of weedy plants and challenges for future research. Experimental and Applied Acarology 51(1): 115-149.

Weed Common Name References:
- Amrine Jr., J.W. 2002. Multiflora Rose. In R. Van Driesche, S. Lyon, B. Blossey, M. Hoddle, and R. Reardon, Eds. Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the Eastern United States. FHTET-2002-04. USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, Morgantown, West Virginia. pp. 265-292.
- Smith, L., E. de Lillo, and J.W. Amrine Jr. 2010. Effectiveness of eriophyid mites for biological control of weedy plants and challenges for future research. Experimental and Applied Acarology 51(1): 115-149.

Weed Origin References:
- Amrine Jr., J.W. 2002. Multiflora Rose. In R. Van Driesche, S. Lyon, B. Blossey, M. Hoddle, and R. Reardon, Eds. Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the Eastern United States. FHTET-2002-04. USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, Morgantown, West Virginia. pp. 265-292.
- Smith, L., E. de Lillo, and J.W. Amrine Jr. 2010. Effectiveness of eriophyid mites for biological control of weedy plants and challenges for future research. Experimental and Applied Acarology 51(1): 115-149.

Release and Source Information

List: 2 - Native Organisms Intentionally Redistributed

Source: Ex. USA
Year: post 1968
Region: North America
Country: United States of America
Subregion of Country: IA, MD
Subregion specific:

Release History: Redistributed within MD 1997-1998, IA post 1968

Release Notes: The mite transmits a virus that causes rose rosette disease, though the disease is spread by grafting as well. Both the mite and disease have spread widely on their own and by artificial means.

Source Information References:
- Amrine Jr., J.W. 2002. Multiflora Rose. In R. Van Driesche, S. Lyon, B. Blossey, M. Hoddle, and R. Reardon, Eds. Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the Eastern United States. FHTET-2002-04. USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, Morgantown, West Virginia. pp. 265-292.
- Doudrick, R.L., W.R. Enns, M.F. Brown, and D.F. Millikan. 1986. Characteristics and role of the mite, Phyllocoptes fructiphilus (Acari, Eriophyidae) in the etiology of Rose Rosette. Entomological News 97(4): 163-172.
- Epstein, A.H. and J.H. Hill. 1999. Status of Rose Rosette Disease as a biological control for multiflora rose. Plant Disease 83(2): 92-101.
- Peck, A. 2007. Rose Rosette Disease. Web Book updated 20 May 2007. http://www.rosegeeks.com/index.htm. 5 January 2013.
- Tipping, P.W. and A.B. Sindermann. 2000. Natural and augmented spread of rose rosette disease of mulitflora rose in Maryland. Plant Disease 84(12): 1344.
- Windham, M.T. 2013. (personal communication) University of Tennessee, Entomology and Plant Pathology Department, 2505 E. J. Chapman Drive, 138 Biotechnology Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996-4560 USA.

Original Host Species

Unknown

Establishment

Established: Yes
Established in Subregion of Country: IA, MD
Established in Subregion specific:

Establishment References:
- Amrine Jr., J.W. 2002. Multiflora Rose. In R. Van Driesche, S. Lyon, B. Blossey, M. Hoddle, and R. Reardon, Eds. Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the Eastern United States. FHTET-2002-04. USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, Morgantown, West Virginia. pp. 265-292.
- Doudrick, R.L., W.R. Enns, M.F. Brown, and D.F. Millikan. 1986. Characteristics and role of the mite, Phyllocoptes fructiphilus (Acari, Eriophyidae) in the etiology of Rose Rosette. Entomological News 97(4): 163-172.
- Epstein, A.H. and J.H. Hill. 1999. Status of Rose Rosette Disease as a biological control for multiflora rose. Plant Disease 83(2): 92-101.
- Tipping, P.W. and A.B. Sindermann. 2000. Natural and augmented spread of rose rosette disease of mulitflora rose in Maryland. Plant Disease 84(12): 1344.

Abundance

Variable

Abundance References:
- Amrine Jr., J.W. 2002. Multiflora Rose. In R. Van Driesche, S. Lyon, B. Blossey, M. Hoddle, and R. Reardon, Eds. Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the Eastern United States. FHTET-2002-04. USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, Morgantown, West Virginia. pp. 265-292.
- Epstein, A.H. and J.H. Hill. 1999. Status of Rose Rosette Disease as a biological control for multiflora rose. Plant Disease 83(2): 92-101.
- Peck, A. 2007. Rose Rosette Disease. Web Book updated 20 May 2007. http://www.rosegeeks.com/index.htm. 5 January 2013.
- Smith, L., E. de Lillo, and J.W. Amrine Jr. 2010. Effectiveness of eriophyid mites for biological control of weedy plants and challenges for future research. Experimental and Applied Acarology 51(1): 115-149.
- Tipping, P.W. and A.B. Sindermann. 2000. Natural and augmented spread of rose rosette disease of mulitflora rose in Maryland. Plant Disease 84(12): 1344.

Agent Impact

Impact: Variable
Geographic Scale of impact: Variable
Impact Notes: Rose Rosette Disease has been credited with aiding the reclamation of some pastureland within 5-6 years of its introduction. The disease takes ~2-6 years to kill Rosa multiflora. Large infected plants can still successfully produce seed that can remain viable for up to 20 years. Even if new plants become infected with the virus, they will re-seed before they can be killed. Mites can only effectively transmit the disease when feeding on rapidly growing plants, which only occurs in the spring or after abundant rainfall. Dispersing mites do not infect many plants that are greater than ~100 m from heavily infested plants, so geographic spread of RRD is relatively slow except within densely populated patches. Public concern over risk of damage to commercial, ornamental and native roses has prevented efforts to further distribute the disease or mite, though both are continuing to spread on their own.

Impact References:
- Amrine Jr., J.W. 2002. Multiflora Rose. In R. Van Driesche, S. Lyon, B. Blossey, M. Hoddle, and R. Reardon, Eds. Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the Eastern United States. FHTET-2002-04. USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, Morgantown, West Virginia. pp. 265-292.
- Epstein, A.H. and J.H. Hill. 1999. Status of Rose Rosette Disease as a biological control for multiflora rose. Plant Disease 83(2): 92-101.
- Peck, A. 2007. Rose Rosette Disease. Web Book updated 20 May 2007. http://www.rosegeeks.com/index.htm. 5 January 2013.
- Smith, L., E. de Lillo, and J.W. Amrine Jr. 2010. Effectiveness of eriophyid mites for biological control of weedy plants and challenges for future research. Experimental and Applied Acarology 51(1): 115-149.
- Tipping, P.W. and A.B. Sindermann. 2000. Natural and augmented spread of rose rosette disease of mulitflora rose in Maryland. Plant Disease 84(12): 1344.
- Villegas, B. 2013. (personal communication) Formerly California Department of Food and Agriculture; Present: 7556 Hickory Avenue, Orangevale, CA 95662 USA.
- Windham, M.T. 2013. (personal communication) University of Tennessee, Entomology and Plant Pathology Department, 2505 E. J. Chapman Drive, 138 Biotechnology Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996-4560 USA.

Limiting Factors

Plant stage

Limiting Factors References:
- Amrine Jr., J.W. 2002. Multiflora Rose. In R. Van Driesche, S. Lyon, B. Blossey, M. Hoddle, and R. Reardon, Eds. Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the Eastern United States. FHTET-2002-04. USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, Morgantown, West Virginia. pp. 265-292.

Other Attack

Were other species attacked?: Yes
Other Species Attacked Notes: Also infects native, ornamental and commercial roses.

Non-Target References:
- Amrine Jr., J.W. 2002. Multiflora Rose. In R. Van Driesche, S. Lyon, B. Blossey, M. Hoddle, and R. Reardon, Eds. Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the Eastern United States. FHTET-2002-04. USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, Morgantown, West Virginia. pp. 265-292.
- Peck, A. 2007. Rose Rosette Disease. Web Book updated 20 May 2007. http://www.rosegeeks.com/index.htm. 5 January 2013.

Research Organizations

Iowa State University (State (41))
West Virginia University (State (44))
University of Maryland (State (46))
University of Tennessee (State (47))

Notes

Occurs in numerous states. Those reported herein pertain to the limited literature available documenting intentional redistributions only. Strong caution should be taken when working with either the virus or the mite as roses of all types are susceptible to infection.

Notes References:
- Villegas, B. 2013. (personal communication) Formerly California Department of Food and Agriculture; Present: 7556 Hickory Avenue, Orangevale, CA 95662 USA.
- Solo, K.M., S.B. Collins, M.K. Shires, R. Ochoa, G.R. Bauchan, L.G. Schneider, A. Henn, J.C. Jacobi, J.L. Williams-Woodward, M.R. Hajimorad, F.A. Hale, J.B. Wilkerson, A.S. Windham, K.L. Ong, M.L. Paret, X. Martini, D.H. Byrne, and M.T. Windham. 2020. A survey of rose rosette virus and eriophyid mites associated with roses in the Southeastern United States. HortScience 55(8): 1288-1294.